Share this to:

Support & Insight for the Autumn of Life

3 Kinds of Alzheimer’s

UNDERSTANDING ALZHEIMER’S

Until now, Alzheimer’s was thought to be a single disease. Advanced research is redefining Alzheimer’s, showing three distinct subtypes. Find out the differences.


Alzheimer’s disease, long thought to be a single disease, really consists of three distinct subtypes, according to a UCLA study.

The finding could lead to more highly targeted research and, eventually, new treatments for the debilitating neurological disorder, which robs people of their memories.

The study further found that one of the three variations, the cortical subtype, appears to be fundamentally a different condition than the other two, said Dr. Dale Bredesen, the study’s author, a UCLA professor of neurology and member of the Easton Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease Research.

“Because the presentation varies from person to person, there has been suspicion for years that Alzheimer’s represents more than one illness,” said Bredesen, who also is the founding president of the Buck Institute for Research on Aging. “When laboratory tests go beyond the usual tests, we find these three distinct subtypes.

“The important implications of this are that the optimal treatment may be different for each group, there may be different causes, and, for future clinical trials, it may be helpful to study specific groups separately.”

The subtypes are:

  1. Inflammatory, in which markers such as C-reactive protein and serum albumin to globulin ratios are increased.
  2. Non-inflammatory, in which these markers are not increased but other metabolic abnormalities are present.
  3. Cortical, which affects relatively young individuals and appears more widely distributed across the brain than the other subtypes of Alzheimer’s. It typically does not seem to cause memory loss at first, but people with this subtype of the disease tend to lose language skills. It is often misdiagnosed, typically affects people who do not have an Alzheimer’s-related gene and is associated with a significant zinc deficiency.

The findings of the two-year study, which involved metabolic testing of 50 people, appear in the current issue of the peer-reviewed journal Aging.

No effective therapy for Alzheimer’s exists. And scientists have yet to completely identify the cause, although multiple studies have pointed to metabolic abnormalities such as insulin resistance, hormonal deficiencies and hyperhomocysteinemia, a condition characterized by an abnormally high level of an amino acid in the blood.

In an earlier paper, Bredesen showed that making lifestyle, exercise and diet changes designed to improve the body’s metabolism reversed cognitive decline in nine out of 10 patients with early Alzheimer’s disease or its precursors.

The current finding grew out of an extensive evaluation of the data from last year’s study, and it could eventually help scientists pinpoint more precise targets for treatments — the same approach that has led to major advances in treating other diseases.

For example, Bredesen explained, researchers have recently been able to develop precise treatments for cancer by sequencing tumor genomes and comparing them to the patients’ genomes to better understand what drives the formation and growth of tumors.

“However, in Alzheimer’s disease, there is no tumor to biopsy,” Bredesen said. “So how do we get an idea about what is driving the process? The approach we took was to use the underlying metabolic mechanisms of the disease process to guide the establishment of an extensive set of laboratory tests, such as fasting insulin, copper-to-zinc ratio and dozens of others.”

Going forward, Bredesen and his team will seek to determine whether the subtypes have different underlying causes, and whether they respond differently to potential treatments.

The need for a new approach to treat Alzheimer’s is urgent. It is the most common age-related dementia, and the number of people with the disease in the U.S. is expected to increase to 15 million in 2050, from nearly 6 million today. The cost to treat people in the U.S. with Alzheimer’s and other dementias is expected to be $226 billion in 2015 alone, and could reach $1.1 trillion in 2050.

SOURCE:

  • UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles
Subscribe
Notify of
guest

0 Comments
Inline Feedbacks
View all comments
B. Berger

B. Berger

Visit Our Pages On:

Welcome

This site was inspired by my Mom’s autoimmune dementia.

It is a place where we separate out the wheat from the chaffe, the important articles & videos from each week’s river of news. With a new post on Alzheimer’s or dementia appearing on the internet every 7 minutes, the site’s focus on the best information has been a help to many over the past 15 years. Thanks to our many subscribers for your supportive feedback.

The site is dedicated to all those preserving the dignity of the community of people living with dementia.

Peter Berger, Editor

Related

150517-fMRI.jpeg
fMRI Displays Dementia
How do doctors "see" dementia? One way is with brain scans called MRI and fMRI. Doctors also use these scans to help ...
190822-williams.jpeg
DIAMOND's Lewy Body Diagnosis & Treatment Kit
Lewy body dementia receives relatively little attention and few research dollars, and often goes undiagnosed. Learn a...
131222-Gatherin.jpeg
At Family Gatherings, Get to the Heart of Medical Histories
Doctors are encouraging people to take advantage of holiday gatherings with relatives to discuss family medical histo...

Books

Amazon Books
0
Would love your thoughts, please comment.x
()
x
News to Get at the Truth

Subscribe To Our Weekly Newsletter

Enjoy thought-provoking videos & articles
News to Get at the Truth

Subscribe To Our Weekly Newsletter